![]() Over the last decade, the bead-based assay utilizing the Luminex ® fluorocytometer instrument has become established as the “gold standard” for HLA antibody testing. Each assay has its advantages and disadvantages and these are discussed. The relative sensitivities of the assays used are discussed and the relevance of conflicting inter-assay results. This revolution however has created a new paradigm in clinical decision making with respect to the detection of low level pretransplant HLA sensitization and its clinical relevance. The development of sensitive solid phase assays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, and in particular the bead-based technology has revolutionized this field over the last 10–15 years. This review outlines the development of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody detection assays and their use in organ transplantation in both antibody screening and crossmatching.
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